Creating County Overlays with Google Maps Javascript API

I am working with a client that wanted a feature on their website where users could find the nearest sales rep to their location. The client’s company have several sales reps that represent various counties in Southern California. I began working on using the awesome Google Map API to create such a tool, and it will be launched soon.

As I worked on the tool, I learned a lot, and I wanted to share some of my new-found knowledge with everyone. In the following post (including a video, yay!) I will show you how to create a county overlay on a Google Map.

The Video

You can watch a video of me explaining everything below. In it I explain things in more detail.

The Basics

To see the final product we are aiming for, click here.
To begin, we need to initialize the Maps API with the following:

<script src="http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js?sensor=true"></script>

The “?sensor=true” parameter tells the API whether it should try and take advantage of any GPS sensors that might exist on the device accessing the map. We won’t be using this function, but its not a bad thing to include for the future.

Next, we need to embed a map on our page. We can do this by making the following function and firing it using the body onload method.

function loadMap(){
			
	var myOptions = {
			zoom: 9,
			center: new google.maps.LatLng(34.0522,-118.2437),
			mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.TERRAIN
		};
				
	var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map"), myOptions);

}

This code sets zoom, center, and type parameters for the map and then creates the map by targeting an element with an id of “map” (in this case we used a div).

Getting County Area Data

The Maps API has not function to automatically create overlays in the shape of state counties. It can, however, take a set of LatLng coordinates and create a polygonal overlay. After a little Googling. I came across the U.S. Census Bureau Cartographic Boundary Files. They give you nicely organized lists of coordinate areas of every county in America (and a ton of other boundary types, like school districts, voting areas, and zip codes). The only problem is that the data isn’t ready for the Maps API.

To convert it, I went through of series of steps involving find and replace, spreadsheet manipulation, and the terminal. It sounds confusing and long, but its still a pretty straightforward process. For the textual examples, I have used only a few datapoints to conserve space. Below is a flowchart of the steps:

Using the Data

Phew! Now we have the data in a usable form, it’s time to store it in our code. The best way to do this is to create an external file called data.js and input the data into it as a variable with the name rawData, like so:

var rawData =" 42.0038450000000,123.230762000000;42.0054460000000,123.192361000000;42.0080360000000,123.154908000000;";

Don’t forget to include this file in your page header. Next, we need to iterate through the data and create an array of LatLng objects. We will do this in a function called createOverlay():

function createOverlay(){
				
				var overlayCoords = new Array();

				var processedData = rawData.split(";");
				
				for (var i=0; i
This code splits the data into array elements by searching for semicolons. It then takes each element of the new array and splits it again into latitude and longitude by finding the comma. The coordinates are stored in a new google.maps.LatLng object and pushed onto an array called overlayCoords. This array is then parsed to a new google.maps.Polygon object along with some other parameters. This object is returned out of the function.
Putting it All Together
Now we have our function for creating overlays, we can fire it by placing the following two lines of code in the loadMap function after the map is created.
var laCounty = createOverlay();
laCounty.setMap(map);
This code creates a variable called laCounty that is set equal to the overlay created by the createOverlay function. The variable is then placed on the page. The results look something like this:

Adding a Clear Function
v3 of the Google Maps API has not easy way to clear overlays on a map. This is somewhat of a pain, especially if you are going to display multiple county overlays in one session. The good news is there is a relatively simple workaround. Every time you place an overlay on the map, push it onto a special array to keep track. When you want to clear the map, iterate through the overlay array placing each element on the map as null (essentially deleting it). Finally clear the overlay array to start fresh. If it sounds confusing, watch the video as I explain it and show its use with a nice button.
Finishing Up
I hope this has been helpful for someone out there! If you would like to view a live example of this all in action, click here. Let me know in the comments if you have any questions or ideas on things you would like me to explain in the future!